Alpha scale

 ( Equal Temperaments ) 

The ( alpha) scale is a non-octave-repeating musical scale invented by Wendy Carlos and first used on her album Beauty in the Beast (1986). It is derived from approximating using multiples of a single interval, but without requiring (as temperaments normally do) an octave (2:1). It may be approximated by dividing the perfect fifth (3:2) into nine equal steps, with frequency ratio $\backslash \; \backslash left(\; \backslash tfrac\{\backslash \; 3\backslash \; \}\{\; 2\; \}\; \backslash right)^\{\backslash tfrac\{1\}\{9\}\; \}\backslash \; ,$ or by dividing the minor third (6:5) into four frequency ratio steps of $\backslash \; \backslash left(\; \backslash tfrac\{\backslash \; 6\backslash \; \}\{\; 5\; \}\; \backslash right)^\{\backslash tfrac\{1\}\{4\}\; \}\; ~.$

The size of this scale step may also be precisely derived from using B, 1017.60 cents, to approximate the interval E, 315.64 cents, .

Carlos' (alpha) scale arises from ... taking a value for the scale degree so that nine of them approximate a 3:2 perfect fifth, five of them approximate a 5:4 major third, and four of them approximate a 6:5 minor third. In order to make the approximation as good as possible we minimize the mean square deviation.

The formula below finds the minimum by setting the derivative of the mean square deviation with respect to the

$\backslash \; \backslash frac\{\backslash \; 9\backslash \; \backslash log\_2\backslash left(\; \backslash frac\{\backslash \; 3\backslash \; \}\{\; 2\; \}\; \backslash right)\; +\; 5\backslash log\_2\backslash left(\; \backslash frac\{\backslash \; 5\backslash \; \}\{\; 4\; \}\; \backslash right)\; +\; 4\backslash \; \backslash log\_2\backslash left(\; \backslash frac\{\backslash \; 6\backslash \; \}\{\; 5\; \}\; \backslash right)\backslash \; \}\{\backslash \; 9^2\; +\; 5^2\; +\; 4^2\backslash \; \}\; \backslash approx\; 0.06497082462\backslash$

and $\backslash \; 0.06497082462\; \backslash times\; 1200\; =\; 77.964989544\backslash$ ()

At 78 cents per step, this totals approximately 15.385 steps per octave, however, more accurately, the alpha scale step is 77.965 cents and there are 15.3915 steps per octave.

Though it does not have a perfect octave, the alpha scale produces "wonderful triads," ( and ) and the beta scale has similar properties but the Harmonic seventh are more in tune. However, the alpha scale has

"excellent harmonic seventh chords ... using the octave inversion of , i.e., ."

• Bohlen–Pierce scale
• Beta scale
• Gamma scale
• Delta scale
• Harmonic scale